月球表层采样样品智能确认方法

表层采样是月球采样探测的重要方式，样品智能确认有助于提升工作效率与复杂问题处理能力。结合月球表层采样铲挖工作过程，分析了铲挖过程中臂载相机图像的特点，模仿有人参与识别过程，提出了层次解耦的月球样品智能识别流程，利用深度学习方法构建了一类深度卷积识别网络，完整地描述了图像、特征、标记在网络中的正反传递关系，并在月球表层采样地面试验中进行了验证，结果表明该方法对不同光照、不同背景、不同过程、不同形态的样品，具有较好的泛化识别能力，误识别率优于8.1%，平均单幅识别时间约0.7 s。     

喷雾器喷嘴出口喷流流场特性的实验研究

通过定性定量实验手段研究了以水为单介质流体的某农用喷雾器喷嘴出口流场。首先采用单反相机常规拍摄方法,记录了喷雾压力在50～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场,发现了随着喷雾压力增大,喷嘴出口射流的形状经历了形成液泡到液泡破裂的过程,以及射流发展及最终稳定过程。然后通过PIV测速技术对喷雾压力在1 000～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场进行了定量测量实验研究,获得了在纵向截面上,喷嘴出口速度随喷雾压力增大而增大,且在中心线上的速度随着离喷口距离的增加均呈现振荡衰减的变化规律。在同一位置横向截面上,随着喷雾压力的增加,旋流强度越强,流速越大;而在同一喷雾压力下,离喷嘴出口距离越近的横截面处旋流强度越大,流速也越大。本文实验研究结果验证了PIV测速技术可以用于水雾滴的速度场测量。     

高压高速电机通风与散热分析

针对YKS规格的高压高速电机单机容量高、局部温升大等特点,以1台YKS5602 3 000 kW规格的高压高速电机为例,依据电机实际尺寸,建立了电机端部绕组及定转子模型。采用有限元法对流体场与温度场进行了仿真,计算出电机运行时各个通风槽内冷却气体流动情况,并对电机整体进行流固耦合分析,得到高压电机端部绕组及定转子温度场分布。对仿真计算结果分析,并与样机试验数据比较,结果表明:流体场和温度场耦合的方法能够准确地了解YKS电机各个通风槽内的气体流动情况及电机内局部温升分布。     

耦合热、动载荷的超超临界汽轮机迷宫密封动力特性

密封汽流激振严重影响超超临界汽轮机的安全运行,采用DEFINE_CG_MOTION和DEFINE_PROFILE控制宏建立转子的涡动方程,通过Workbench流固耦合方法计算热、动载荷下密封齿形变,根据快速傅里叶变化得到机组运行时的密封动力特性,并对转子稳定性进行分析。结果表明:蒸汽可导致密封齿膨胀变形,温度对密封齿长度变化影响可达1%~1.5%,压力和离心作用对其影响较小。热、动载荷使迷宫密封直接刚度减小,直接阻尼先增加后减小,交叉刚度先减小后增加,动力系数的最大变化为原来的2倍。35~55 Hz内转子稳定裕度急剧下降,转子对密封汽流激振更敏感。热、动载荷引起的压力波动集中在低频范围,密封周向压力波动可增高18.5 kPa。密封高压区的压力波幅剧增是汽流激振显著的主要原因。      

基于量子化、芯片化的先进计量测试技术发展动态

计量是国家质量基础的重要组成部分，产品质量的提升离不开科学、精准的计量。工业发达国家极为重视计量测试技术的发展。通过搜集、整理量子效应计量、芯片级计量等国内外大量文献资料，归纳分析了近年来国外先进计量测试技术发展动态与趋势。以量子技术和基本物理常数为基础建立量子计量基标准，将大幅提高测量准确度和稳定性，结合量子效应的微加工技术实现芯片尺度的测量等，微纳尺度计量技术也在科学研究、精密测量、智能制造等领域得到广泛应用。本文可为我国计量技术发展提供借鉴。     

超大口径环形天线包带展开过程动力学仿真

中间柔性包带是环形可展开天线的重要组成部分。中间包带拔销器解锁后，复材包带与环形桁架同步展开。因复材包带柔性较强，它会绕根部固定端进行回弹，因此展开过程存在金属接头和桁架上复材薄壁管件碰撞风险。随着天线口径增大，该风险会持续增大。基于柔性多体动力学理论对超大型口径环形可展开天线包带展开过程进行动力学建模仿真，并在此基础上分析得出包带展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离主要和复材包带阻尼率以及桁架预展速度相关。通过进一步研究发现：复材包带阻尼率越高，展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离越大；桁架预展速度越快，展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离越小。此外，对逆止回弹机构失效这一在轨极端条件下包带展开过程进行建模仿真，分析得出包带在该条件下展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离变化规律。该研究可为超大口径环形天线结构优化设计及包带在轨展开预示提供依据。     

Formation flying reconfiguration manoeuvres via environmental forces in highly elliptical orbits

A study on reconfiguration manoevres applied to a tetrahedral formation in highly elliptical orbits is proposed, by using a propellantless solution. The manoeuvring strategy consists in exploiting certain environmental forces, specifically those provided by solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag, by actively controlling the satellites’ attitudes. Through inverse dynamics particle swarm optimization the optimal attitudes required for the manoeuvres are evaluated, whereas the configuration’s evolution is simulated by a high-fidelity orbital simulator. The goal of the reconfiguration problem is to find an optimal control in order for the four spacecraft to reach a desired configuration in a specified portion of orbit, where the desired configuration is evaluated by a shape and size geometric parameter. By increasing the manoeuvring time and the satellites’ area to mass ratio, all the case studies considered are successfully verified.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellite of BeiDou during repositioning maneuver

In order to establish a continuous GEO satellite orbit during repositioning maneuvers, a suitable maneuver force model has been established associated with an optimal orbit determination method and strategy. A continuous increasing acceleration is established by constructing a constant force that is equivalent to the pulse force, with the mass of the satellite decreasing throughout maneuver. This acceleration can be added to other accelerations, such as solar radiation, to obtain the continuous acceleration of the satellite. The orbit determination method and strategy are illuminated, with subsequent assessment of the orbit being determined and predicted accordingly. The orbit of the GEO satellite during repositioning maneuver can be determined and predicted by using C-Band pseudo-range observations of the BeiDou GEO satellite with COSPAR ID 2010-001A in 2011 and 2012. The results indicate that observations before maneuver do affect orbit determination and prediction, and should therefore be selected appropriately. A more precise orbit and prediction can be obtained compared to common short arc methods when observations starting 1 day prior the maneuver and 2 h after the maneuver are adopted in POD (Precise Orbit Determination). The achieved URE (User Range Error) under non-consideration of satellite clock errors is better than 2 m within the first 2 h after maneuver, and less than 3 m for further 2 h of orbit prediction.     

微藻反应器用于水气净化与产氧的功能验证

将微藻和电去离子技术引入密闭生态系统,设计单元反应器旨在验证其在空气再生、水净化和潜在食物的生产。在反应器中对尿液进行消解和NH4＋硝化转化得到超过90%NH4＋-N硝化为NO-3-N-的培养液适宜于螺旋藻养殖并获得高质量的微藻生物量;此时,CO2的平均吸收速率VCO2=458.6 mL/m3·min、O2产生速率VO2=616.5 mL/m3·min,即螺旋藻的同化系数VCO2/VO2≈0.74,接近人的呼吸系数VCO2/VO2=0.86;EDI法水净化率97%可直接回用。结果表明：该体系能实现CO2吸收、O2释放和螺旋藻生物量的生产,同时将水净化。